Challenges for the Early Indonesian Government in Addressing Infectious Diseases in Buton (1950s)

Abstract

The 1950s were a crucial period in Indonesian health history. Island regions like Buton faced outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as smallpox, malaria, and cholera, among others. This study analyzes the factors that contributed to the spread of disease in Buton, identifies the types of diseases prevalent in the region, and examines the public and government responses to these diseases. Utilizing historical methods, the study collected and analyzed primary sources from government archives, newspapers, and secondary literature. The results indicate that ecological factors, limited health infrastructure, and a lack of public understanding of disease and its treatment contributed to the spread of disease in Buton. Diseases commonly appearing in Buton were digestive and skin diseases. These diseases were transmitted due to environmental conditions and the public's level of understanding of healthy living. This study encourages the reconstruction of historical narratives, shifting the focus away from power politics. Situating health issues within past social dynamics enables a more comprehensive historical view.