From Trading Town to Industrial City: Urban Spatial Transformation in Gresik, Indonesia (1974–1996)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/9n3rwz57Keywords:
Industrialization, Gresik Regency, urban spatial transformation, urban historyAbstract
This article examines the transformation of urban space in Gresik, Indonesia, from a trading town into an industrial city between 1974 and 1996. Although industrialization in Gresik had begun earlier, the establishment of Gresik as an autonomous regency in 1974 marked an important phase in the expansion and reorganization of its urban territory. Using the historical method, this study reconstructs the relationship among industrial development, administrative change, population growth, land-use conversion, and urban expansion by analyzing primary and secondary historical sources. The findings show that industrialization reshaped Gresik’s spatial structure from a predominantly port- and trade-oriented settlement into a more complex urban-industrial landscape. The expansion of large-scale industries, supported by strategic transportation infrastructure and regional development policies, stimulated migration, housing development, commercial activities, and the expansion of settlements beyond the traditional urban core. The transformation also involved converting agricultural and aquaculture land into industrial estates, residential areas, and commercial spaces. However, this spatial transformation generated uneven consequences. While industrialization created employment, stimulated economic activity, and expanded urban infrastructure, it also contributed to land-use pressures and environmental degradation, particularly through industrial pollution affecting coastal and riverine environments. The study argues that Gresik’s transition from a trading town to an industrial city was not merely an economic transformation but a broader reconfiguration of urban space, shaped by the interplay of industrialization, administrative autonomy, demographic change, and regional planning.
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